De Stijl

De Stijl 1917-1931 Netherlands

Means the Style/utility of plurality

Developing a utopian stle and spirit

(Not about the stylization of things)

de Stijl Design

Theo van Doesbug

Vilmos Huszar

Lazzlo Moholy-Nagy

El Lissitzky

Gerrit Rietveld

- Rectangle

- Use of Color; Black white gray and primary colors

- Format and layout of the magazine

- Purer and reductive more in line with New Typography

Victorian Secession

Italian Art Nouveau

Glasgow

French Art Nouveau

It is a direct descendent of the arts and crafts movement.
A rebellion against the entire Victorian sensibility.
The first commercial art consistently used to enhance the beauty of industrial products.
Although the Art nouveau decorative style was ultimately limited-and thus incapable of realizing such a vision= it provided the base.

Early formal characteristics:
- Organic, leafy motif
- Odd blend of art and practicality (functional aesthetics)
- Curvilinear and floral abstraction

Decadents (another faction)
- Fascination with mysticism
- Development of a hierarchy of exotic goddesses and nymphets
- Fantastic, mysterious, esoteric, kitsch (low quality)

Rationalists
- Seeing the arts as servants of life
- Architectonic from than organic form; logical, geometric constructions
- Positive way of seeing the machine; to disseminate beauty as well as progress or comfort throughout society

French/Belgian
- Toulouse le trec
- Rococo-inspired lines
- Brilliant coor palette
- Combining Japanese elegance
- Symbolist mystery
- Post-impressionist vision

- Art nouveau posters became popular form of mass art

Jugendstil

Jugendstil (Youth Style)- German

Applied wide range of products, furniture, architecture, numberous ads and publications

Various organic typefaces: rejection of traditional methods of typography.

Arts and Crafts

Lecture on

Arts and Crafts

John Ruskin and William Morris established the ethics of modern industrial design.

Morris rejected the forces that would separate art from everyday life and dedicated himself to fighting ugliness in all its forms.

Morris was a reformer, and Arts and Crafts was decidedly a reform movement- a struggle against the encroachment of industrialism on the workingman’s way of life.

Arts and Crafts quickly exerted influence as decisive philosophical shift in Victorian aesthetics. Visually, it still remained general Victorian ornamentation, asymmetrical floral design, simplicity and elegant ornamentalism, and early geometric stylings.

Total work of art

Aubrey Beardsley

Gustav Stickley

Use one typeface- unified

Some designs are still really symmetrical

Emphasis on trees, nature, women

Creation of magazines and periodicals